The Caliber and Shattaar Category During the Abbasid Era "132-334 AH/749-1055 AD"

Abstract

   The movement of Al-Ayarin and Al-Shatar appeared during the Abbasid era as a result of the deterioration of their living conditions and their extreme poverty, but its emergence was during the strife of Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. They were supporting the army of the Caliph Al-Amin, so they plundered, stole, burned, and blocked roads, because the goal of these people was to exploit the strife and disturbances to express their goal and purpose and their boredom with the miserable economic conditions from which they were suffering. The Sultan was in many ways afraid of them. Sometimes they seek help because they are in committed social solidarity and have their own laws and customs that they follow, justifying their movement as being legitimate and expressing the taking of zakat money from the rich who have refrained from paying it to the deserving poor. This study aims to shed light on the difficult social conditions that prevail in Abbasid society and the revolutions carried out by these calibers as an expression of their boredom with the unfair distribution of wealth, using the descriptive and analytical approach to find out the secrets, natures, and circumstances that lead to the emergence of the Caliph and Shattar movement. Hence, we raise the following problem: Who are the calibers and the Shatar ? To what extent did their anger last and how deep did it become within Abbasid society ?

  Within the scope of this topic, I have discussed many elements, including the definition of the terms Al-Yayyarin and Al-Shatar linguistically and terminologically, as well as the conditions that paved the way for the emergence of this movement, in addition to the types and genders of Al-Yayyarin. It also dealt with the military organization of the Al-Yayyarin and Al-Shatar movement, and finally I was exposed to the chronological development of the Al-Yayyarin movement. The study came out with a set of results, perhaps the most prominent and important of which is that the Al-Ayyarin and Shattar movement emerged as a popular movement dissatisfied with the authority and the state as a result of the deplorable economic conditions. This group considered their rebellion and departure from laws and customs as legitimate because the rich refrained from paying the zakat of their money to the poor, so they had the right to take it by force. The emergence of the Al-Ayyarin and Al-Shattar movement was on the scene of political events in the Abbasid era during the strife between Al-Amin and Al-Amin. And the safe.